All 3 PHP functions: exec(), system() and passthru() executes an external command, but the differences are:
- exec(): returns the last line of output from the command and flushes nothing.
- shell_exec(): returns the entire output from the command and flushes nothing.
- system(): returns the last line of output from the command and tries to flush the output buffer after each line of the output as it goes.
- passthru(): returns nothing and passes the resulting output without interference to the browser, especially useful when the output is in binary format.
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